In addition to the processing of polymers and metals, other materials can also be used in AM. These include ceramics, sand and composites as well as concrete and paper.
Material Extrusion
Green part is printed to be sintered afterwards = CFF (Continuous Filament Fabrication)
Paste Extrusion ANY PASTY MATERIAL = PEM (Paste Extrusion Modeling)
CFF (Continuous Filament Fabrication)
Synonyms: Often the terms of the FDM process are applied: Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), Fused Layer Manufacturing (FLM), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Schmelzschichtverfahren, Strangablageverfahren
Wire-shaped plastic (filament) is plasticized in a nozzle unit and selectively dosed layer by layer locally around continuously deposited reinforcing fibers.
PEM (Paste Extrusion Modeling)
Synonyms: Bio printing, concrete printing, food printing
Material is selectively dosed layer by layer locally by a piston-nozzle or pump unit.
Binder Jetting
Joined with bonding agent SAND OR GYPSUM = BJ (Binder Jetting)
BJ (Binder Jetting)
Synonyms: 3D Drucken, 3D Printing, Three Dimensional Printing (3DP), Inkjet 3D Printing, 3D-Pulverdruck
Tiny binder droplets are selectively applied locally through many nozzels and in layers onto the powder bed. They stick the powder material together.
Material Jetting
Microdosed WAX = DOD (Drop on Demand)
DOD (Drop on Demand)
Synonyms: Thermal Phase Inkjet, Thermal Phase Change Inkjet, Wachsprinter
Through many nozzles, heated wax droplets are applied locally selectively and layer by layer. The wax solidifies through cooling.
Sheet Lamination
Laminated COMPOSITE OR PAPER = SDL / LOM (Selective Deposition Lamination / Laminated Object Manufacturing)
SDL / LOM (Selective Deposition Lamination / Laminated Object Manufacturing)
Synonyms: Layer Laminated Manufacturing (LLM), Folienlaminier- 3D-Druck, Schicht-Laminat-Verfahren, Selective Lamination Composites Object Manufacturing (SLCOM), Composite Based Additive Manufacturing (CBAM)
Nozzles are used to selectively apply locally adhesive to the respective material layer. The individual construction levels are stacked and laminated directly or subsequently, the component is cut out along the contour and / or subsequently uncovered.
